Futurism

In the beginning of the 20th century in Italy an artistic and social movement originated. It was called Futurism and emphasized themes that were linked with the modern concept of the future. These themes included speed, youth and violence and technology. Other objects were the car, the aeroplane and industry in cities. Although other movements in Russia and England were involved it was mainly an Italian invention.
Several mediums of art were tackled by these Futurists such as sculpture, ceramics painting, graphic design and interior design. Also theatre, film, fashion, music and literature were some of the many that were practiced by these artists.
Some of these main artists were Boccioni, Carlo Carra, Gino Severini and Giacomo Balla. It was the Italian poet Filippo Marinetti that established futurism as a revolutionary movement after the publication of his manifesto of Futurism, He believed that all artists following this movement should test their ideas against the realities.
The manifesto spoke about the thirst for speed and modern life.
"We affirm that the world's magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty; the beauty of speed."
These artists challenged correct syntax and grammar and began a typographic revolution against classical tradition. This new design excluded harmony as it went against "the leaps and bursts of style ruining through the page."
The typography was "new and painterly" and they called it prole in liberta or 'words in freedom'.
Two conditions that were dominantly expressed in futurist poetry were noise and speed.

Marinetti encouraged poets to free themselves from being slaves to grammar and feel to express themselves more freely. He wrote "a man who has witnessed an explosion does not stop to connect his sentences grammatically but hurls shrieks and words his listeners,
This futurist expensive typography began to be practiced by poets. It was called pattern poetry, Often objects or religious symbols were used. Other patterns as varying word space or omitting capitalization or punctuation marks to emphasize were used to enforce auditory effects. In "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Caroll 'pictorial shape' and 'descending tyre sizes were used to build a mouse's tail as part of the mouse's tale.

Filippo Marinetti

References:

Coen, Ester (1988). Umberto Boccioni New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.